One reason for the high mortality in peritonitis is a violation of organ function in the postoperative period. The elimination of organ dysfunction or failure - is the main therapeutic problem of the postoperative period. Criteria for organ failure, together with criteria of systemic reaction to inflammation developed in the last decade, but the discussion and to this day. In our view, in this condition is not only the choice of surgical tactics, but the complex correction of endogenous intoxication.
Analyzed the results of treatment 284 patients with disseminated purulent peritonitis, treatment is carried out semi-closed and semi-open (58 patients) ways. Criteria for brand viagra diagnosis of abdominal sepsis was determined syndrome of systemic inflammatory response (SIRS). Criteria for failure of the function of scale estimated by APACHE II. Studied a subgroup formed as follows: SIRS 0 - absence syndrome systemic reaction to inflammation; SIRS 1 - the presence of SIRS; SIRS 2 - the presence of SIRS and monoorgannoy failure; SIRS 3 - the presence of SIRS and multiple organ failure. 61 patients in the postoperative period was carried out indirect electrochemical detoxication by intravenous 0.06% sodium hypochlorite solution (an average of 2-3 sessions).
Marked correlation between the severity and mortality in the treatment of semi-closed method. SIRS group 0 - Score APACHE II 11,1 - CFR 4.8%; SIRS group 1 - Score APACHE II 11,5 - CFR 6.1%; SIRS group 2 - score APACHE II 14,3 - 23,3% lethality ; group SIRS 3 - score APACHE II 18,3 - 54,8% lethality. Mortality in the subgroup of SIRS 0 in a greater degree due to comorbidity (65%) and thromboembolic complications (20%). In the absence of MODS in the treatment of semi-closed and semi-open ways lethality is almost the same - about 5%, but in the SIRS group, 3 in the treatment of semi-open way of decreased mortality by 19% (at the landmark reorganization of the abdominal cavity - 38,9%). Application in the postoperative period in the complex treatment of indirect electrochemical detoxication detoxification has a pronounced effect, resulting in low levels of intoxication.
Thus, in the treatment of general purulent peritonitis, the use of semi-fashion shows until the phenomena of multiple organ failure. Application of semi-open method is most effective in severe peritonitis. Postoperatively, appropriate application of electrochemical detoxification.
metabolism
placebo
life moves
blood reaches
wrong interpretation
26 Ocak 2011 Çarşamba
20 Ocak 2011 Perşembe
Supervision
Developed a method of surgical treatment in patients with achalasia cardia II-III stage, which consists of a total demuskulyarizatsii narrowed esophagus, selective proximal vagotomy and the formation of invaginated valve from its own tissues abdominal esophagus and cardia of the stomach. By this technique were operated 39 patients between the ages of 23 to 62 years with achalasia cardia II (6) and III (33) stages. Postoperative complications caused by way of the operation, was not. Period of stay of the patient in bed after surgery averaged 6,5 ± 1,2 days. Observational data in terms of 1.5 months to 5 years after surgery showed a satisfactory outcome of this operation not only in anatomy but also in the functional aspect, which is confirmed by instrumental methods, and study the quality of life of patients with the scale of GIQLI.
Introduction
Achalasia cardia (achalasia brand viagra online cardiac; negative prefix a + chalasis - relaxation; kardia - an inlet of the stomach, the Greek.) - A disease of the esophagus characterized by the disturbance of the reflex opening cardiac opening when swallowing, a violation of motility and progressive decrease in the tone of tubular esophagus. Sometimes to refer to achalasia cardia use the term "kardiospazm" that inaccurate, since in this disease a true spasm of the lower esophageal sphincter does not occur. The disease was first described by Th. Willis in 1674
Achalasia cardia is from 3 to 20% of all diseases of the esophagus and occurs in all age generic viagra groups, but most often it vulnerable men and women aged 20 to 50 years, while surgical treatment is only 10-15% of patients [2-4 , 6, 7].
Typically, the first symptoms are transient signs of dysphagia, and pain behind the breastbone or in the epigastric region after the act of swallowing. Then dysphagia patients becomes permanent. Symptoms of dysphagia increase or decrease depending on the emotional state. In the next stage of the disease symptoms of dysphagia brand name levitra and pain decrease, but there is a new pain - regurgitation, which carries first reflex character, appearing at a height of difficulty swallowing and, later called by the patient.
From the esophagus to the course of the disease and certain changes. The presence of obstacles in the area of the cardia leads to its expansion and elongation. And if in the initial stages of the disease of the esophagus capacity is 150-200 ml, then it increases to 3.2 liters. In addition, the marked elongation and very specific (fusiform, S-shaped, sac-like) deformation of the esophagus [1].
And if in patients with achalasia cardia stage IV the question of radical surgical treatment with subtotal cialis without prescription resection of the esophagus and its one-stage grafting is usually not in doubt [2, 4], for patients with co II-III stage of the disease are generic levitra trying to resort to less severe and traumatic operations. The most common modification of the operation proposed by B. Heller (1913), which was first produced vneslizistuyu ezofagokardiomiotomiyu. The essence of the operation is that of abdominal access mobilize narrowed portion of the esophagus and relegates it to the abdominal cavity. After that, the muscle membrane in the narrowed segment of the esophagus longitudinally dissect the anterior and posterior wall to the mucosa. The operation of Heller provides discrepancy edges dissected muscles of the esophagus, mucosal prolapse and increased narrowing of the esophagus. For efficiency, the full intersection of the circular muscle fibers. The effectiveness of surgery is quite high - good and excellent results are achieved in 79-91% of cases. Lethality, the consolidated data is 0,7-1,5%. Set of recurrence (36-50%) and no effect (9-14%), various complications in the immediate and long-term period after surgery Geller attributed to incomplete dissection of the muscles of the cardia because of the danger to the mucosa of the esophagus. Relapse occurs because of the scar between the edges intersected with the restoration of muscle tone [5].
Often occurs after an operation failure of the cardia with the subsequent development of reflux esophagitis and peptic stricture of the esophagus, Barrett's esophagus and esophageal cancer. Some authors consider reflux esophagitis frequent and serious complication of Heller's operation and found it at 14-37% of patients [5].
Thus far the problem of treating patients with achalasia cardia II-III stage remains relevant and requires further investigation.
Materials and methods
Under our supervision there were 39 patients with achalasia cardia II-III stage (see table), including 16 (41.0%) males and 23 (59,0%) women aged 23 to 62 years (average age 34 1 ± 6,2 years).
Distribution depending on the stage of the disease was carried out based on the classification BV Petrovsky (1962):
Stage I - periodic short-term difficulty in passage of food through the lower sphincter due to violations of the relaxation of the latter and changes in esophageal motility;
Stage II - the food a longer delay due to sustained spasm, which leads to a moderate expansion of the esophagus over the place of the restriction;
Stage III - cicatricial narrowing of the cardiac department with a steady expansion of the higher-lying areas;
Stage IV - pronounced stenosis of the cardia with a dilation of the overlying units, the development of ulcerative necrotizing esophagitis periezofagita and fibrous mediastinitis.
The disease duration ranged from 3 to 25 years (mean 12,4 ± 3,6 years).
large size
primary prevention
a peck of salt
human history
Introduction
Achalasia cardia (achalasia brand viagra online cardiac; negative prefix a + chalasis - relaxation; kardia - an inlet of the stomach, the Greek.) - A disease of the esophagus characterized by the disturbance of the reflex opening cardiac opening when swallowing, a violation of motility and progressive decrease in the tone of tubular esophagus. Sometimes to refer to achalasia cardia use the term "kardiospazm" that inaccurate, since in this disease a true spasm of the lower esophageal sphincter does not occur. The disease was first described by Th. Willis in 1674
Achalasia cardia is from 3 to 20% of all diseases of the esophagus and occurs in all age generic viagra groups, but most often it vulnerable men and women aged 20 to 50 years, while surgical treatment is only 10-15% of patients [2-4 , 6, 7].
Typically, the first symptoms are transient signs of dysphagia, and pain behind the breastbone or in the epigastric region after the act of swallowing. Then dysphagia patients becomes permanent. Symptoms of dysphagia increase or decrease depending on the emotional state. In the next stage of the disease symptoms of dysphagia brand name levitra and pain decrease, but there is a new pain - regurgitation, which carries first reflex character, appearing at a height of difficulty swallowing and, later called by the patient.
From the esophagus to the course of the disease and certain changes. The presence of obstacles in the area of the cardia leads to its expansion and elongation. And if in the initial stages of the disease of the esophagus capacity is 150-200 ml, then it increases to 3.2 liters. In addition, the marked elongation and very specific (fusiform, S-shaped, sac-like) deformation of the esophagus [1].
And if in patients with achalasia cardia stage IV the question of radical surgical treatment with subtotal cialis without prescription resection of the esophagus and its one-stage grafting is usually not in doubt [2, 4], for patients with co II-III stage of the disease are generic levitra trying to resort to less severe and traumatic operations. The most common modification of the operation proposed by B. Heller (1913), which was first produced vneslizistuyu ezofagokardiomiotomiyu. The essence of the operation is that of abdominal access mobilize narrowed portion of the esophagus and relegates it to the abdominal cavity. After that, the muscle membrane in the narrowed segment of the esophagus longitudinally dissect the anterior and posterior wall to the mucosa. The operation of Heller provides discrepancy edges dissected muscles of the esophagus, mucosal prolapse and increased narrowing of the esophagus. For efficiency, the full intersection of the circular muscle fibers. The effectiveness of surgery is quite high - good and excellent results are achieved in 79-91% of cases. Lethality, the consolidated data is 0,7-1,5%. Set of recurrence (36-50%) and no effect (9-14%), various complications in the immediate and long-term period after surgery Geller attributed to incomplete dissection of the muscles of the cardia because of the danger to the mucosa of the esophagus. Relapse occurs because of the scar between the edges intersected with the restoration of muscle tone [5].
Often occurs after an operation failure of the cardia with the subsequent development of reflux esophagitis and peptic stricture of the esophagus, Barrett's esophagus and esophageal cancer. Some authors consider reflux esophagitis frequent and serious complication of Heller's operation and found it at 14-37% of patients [5].
Thus far the problem of treating patients with achalasia cardia II-III stage remains relevant and requires further investigation.
Materials and methods
Under our supervision there were 39 patients with achalasia cardia II-III stage (see table), including 16 (41.0%) males and 23 (59,0%) women aged 23 to 62 years (average age 34 1 ± 6,2 years).
Distribution depending on the stage of the disease was carried out based on the classification BV Petrovsky (1962):
Stage I - periodic short-term difficulty in passage of food through the lower sphincter due to violations of the relaxation of the latter and changes in esophageal motility;
Stage II - the food a longer delay due to sustained spasm, which leads to a moderate expansion of the esophagus over the place of the restriction;
Stage III - cicatricial narrowing of the cardiac department with a steady expansion of the higher-lying areas;
Stage IV - pronounced stenosis of the cardia with a dilation of the overlying units, the development of ulcerative necrotizing esophagitis periezofagita and fibrous mediastinitis.
The disease duration ranged from 3 to 25 years (mean 12,4 ± 3,6 years).
large size
primary prevention
a peck of salt
human history
9 Ocak 2011 Pazar
Reserve capacities
Types of reconstructive surgery
At high occlusion of the aorta, bilateral lesions of arteries, depending on the severity of the patient perform operations on aortobedrennogo bifurcation or bypass line to the axillary or subclavian-femoral bifurcation shunting. If the critical ischemia, there is only one side, then defeat the iliac and femoral artery in the contralateral limb performed a unilateral cross-iliac-femoral, axillary or subclavian-femoral bypass.
At the present stage reconstructive operations occupy a leading brand viagra position in treating these patients. The number of such operations is constantly increasing, significantly increasing their volume, which allows you to save the limb, even in severe forms of chronic arterial insufficiency. Resorption keloid scars occurring after surgery, the drug is effective Kontraktubeks that has fibrinolytic, antithrombotic, and keratolytic action.
Meanwhile, the implementation of a complete reconstruction is often at odds with a patient to postpone surgery. Operations in these cases should be minimal and the duration of trauma, since the vast majority of these patients have severe comorbidities, sharply restricting the functional reserve capacities of the organism [11]. Using the method of combined operations, including balloon angioplasty combined with open surgery under epidural or local anesthesia, significantly reduces the amount of intervention and to abandon the complex surgical reconstruction in several segments.
Clinical case
Patient Z., 68, was admitted complaining of aching pain in the right lower leg and foot at rest, intermittent claudication after 30 pm
Doppler ultrasound: a significant reduction in blood flow in the trunk of the right common femoral artery, collateral when the "no" means "yes" blood flow in the popliteal and tibial arteries.
Ankle-brachial index on the left 0.59, right 0.35.
Aortoarteriografiya: critical stenosis of the common iliac artery (GPA) on the right, the deep femoral artery stenosis (Gba) right; occlusion of both superficial femoral artery (PAP), segmental occlusion of the right popliteal artery within 5 cm (Fig. 1).
Fig. 1. Angiogram patient Z.:
and - OPA stenosis on the right;
b - right Gba stenosis, occlusion of both the PAP;
in - after balloon angioplasty (no area of stenosis of the right DVC).
Atherosclerotic arteries (medical history).
Associated diseases: coronary heart disease, atherosclerotic cardiosclerosis, angina, chronic bronchitis, pneumosclerosis, emphysema.
The first step performed balloon angioplasty on the right DVC, the second under epidural anesthesia on the right side plastic Gba (Fig. 2).
Intradermal tests
human relationships
Positive effect
At high occlusion of the aorta, bilateral lesions of arteries, depending on the severity of the patient perform operations on aortobedrennogo bifurcation or bypass line to the axillary or subclavian-femoral bifurcation shunting. If the critical ischemia, there is only one side, then defeat the iliac and femoral artery in the contralateral limb performed a unilateral cross-iliac-femoral, axillary or subclavian-femoral bypass.
At the present stage reconstructive operations occupy a leading brand viagra position in treating these patients. The number of such operations is constantly increasing, significantly increasing their volume, which allows you to save the limb, even in severe forms of chronic arterial insufficiency. Resorption keloid scars occurring after surgery, the drug is effective Kontraktubeks that has fibrinolytic, antithrombotic, and keratolytic action.
Meanwhile, the implementation of a complete reconstruction is often at odds with a patient to postpone surgery. Operations in these cases should be minimal and the duration of trauma, since the vast majority of these patients have severe comorbidities, sharply restricting the functional reserve capacities of the organism [11]. Using the method of combined operations, including balloon angioplasty combined with open surgery under epidural or local anesthesia, significantly reduces the amount of intervention and to abandon the complex surgical reconstruction in several segments.
Clinical case
Patient Z., 68, was admitted complaining of aching pain in the right lower leg and foot at rest, intermittent claudication after 30 pm
Doppler ultrasound: a significant reduction in blood flow in the trunk of the right common femoral artery, collateral when the "no" means "yes" blood flow in the popliteal and tibial arteries.
Ankle-brachial index on the left 0.59, right 0.35.
Aortoarteriografiya: critical stenosis of the common iliac artery (GPA) on the right, the deep femoral artery stenosis (Gba) right; occlusion of both superficial femoral artery (PAP), segmental occlusion of the right popliteal artery within 5 cm (Fig. 1).
Fig. 1. Angiogram patient Z.:
and - OPA stenosis on the right;
b - right Gba stenosis, occlusion of both the PAP;
in - after balloon angioplasty (no area of stenosis of the right DVC).
Atherosclerotic arteries (medical history).
Associated diseases: coronary heart disease, atherosclerotic cardiosclerosis, angina, chronic bronchitis, pneumosclerosis, emphysema.
The first step performed balloon angioplasty on the right DVC, the second under epidural anesthesia on the right side plastic Gba (Fig. 2).
Intradermal tests
human relationships
Positive effect
2 Ocak 2011 Pazar
Orange peel
There is the famous admonition of Herbert Spencer. It reads: "There is a principle that places a barrier in front of any information, he is brought as a proof against any argument, and he can not condemn people to eternal ignorance. This principle is contempt prior to study. " Well, only if the assistant doctor above, if the latter follows the same principle - the principle of contempt prior to investigation. Yes, and not a doctor, he then just a man with a medical degree. This is not the same thing.
And now I'll call medicinal herbs, using which brand name viagra you can fight and win. This: Acacia flowers are white, orange peel, watermelon seeds than usual, Rowan fruits chokeberry (Aronia chokeberry) fruits Peanut underground, tincture of arnica Mountain (careful!), Herb astragalus sherstistotsvetkovogo, infusions and decoctions rhizomes Bergenia crassifolia, tincture and infusion of leaves barberry usual, Amur barberry tincture of leaves, decoction of herbs of Vinca small, juice loosestrife usual, grapes (start with 200 g for 1.5 hours before breakfast, 2 hours before dinner and 1 hour before dinner), powder from dried grape leaves (at 204 g orally) is given as uterine hemostatic, broth peduncles cherry pine, drugs Merman pepper infusion, herbs, buds and flowers of Carnations fluffy (do not apply to pregnant women at risk of miscarriage), preparations of Geranium sanguineum, preparations from the rhizomes Highlander snake (coil), herbal teas and tinctures from roots and herbs avens city, an ordinary oak bark, infusion, and fresh juice of herbs Dymyanki drug infusion, Zopnika tuber (1 tablespoon of herbs to fill in 1 cup boiling water and infuse for 4 hours. Take 40-50 ml 3 times a day for 25-30 minutes before meals), infusion Zyuznika European (1 tablespoon of herbs to fill in 200 ml of boiling water. Infuse to cool, then drain. Take 40-50 ml of 4 times a day? hours before the meal ), Yves white - and you can apply tincture and decoction of the bark and the powder (1 g 3-4 times daily before meals).
I note that despite the fancy name of some plants they are all distributed in the territory of our country and not exotic. How to prepare herbal teas, infusions and tinctures are aware, many if not most, even more so in rural areas.
However, not running out of letters, even from towns and villages of Central Russia, Siberia, with a request to send them a tincture of plantain, or broth Hyperici perforatum. Pardon me, good people. You go on plantain and St. John's Wort. Look at his feet. Read the old (and new) books and manuscripts devoted to these wonderful plants, and other medicines. All the pharmacy at your feet. This is not a call for self-healing. This is a call to a reasonable approach in the treatment of a disease.
You can help the doctor to cure themselves or their loved ones. Unless, of course, the doctor is able to cooperate with you (and he should do it) if it is filled with a sincere desire to help you, but does not unmotivated snobbery. I am sure, I know that in Russia a huge number of thoughtful physicians, confidently and skillfully applying and Apitherapy, and Viagra Is it possible Viagra will help you herbal medicine, and scalpels, and ...
In short, everything that is available in the arsenal of medicine, in the millennial treasury of medical knowledge. The accumulation of medical knowledge began long before Avicenna and Hippocrates. Both then and now, and continue to call the doctor meant, and means will mean a lot. Unless, of course, this kind of soul rushing the floor. If the doctor will not be able to tell a sick person or a seriously ill family member: "What do you want? The disease is incurable and turned quietly away. Well, if, contrary to expectation, you are not very lucky and you have not met a doctor, try to help themselves. People caught in a shipwreck, are able to save his life, not waiting or not waiting for help from emergency services. Such examples innumerable.
MRI examination
Surrogate motherhood
And now I'll call medicinal herbs, using which brand name viagra you can fight and win. This: Acacia flowers are white, orange peel, watermelon seeds than usual, Rowan fruits chokeberry (Aronia chokeberry) fruits Peanut underground, tincture of arnica Mountain (careful!), Herb astragalus sherstistotsvetkovogo, infusions and decoctions rhizomes Bergenia crassifolia, tincture and infusion of leaves barberry usual, Amur barberry tincture of leaves, decoction of herbs of Vinca small, juice loosestrife usual, grapes (start with 200 g for 1.5 hours before breakfast, 2 hours before dinner and 1 hour before dinner), powder from dried grape leaves (at 204 g orally) is given as uterine hemostatic, broth peduncles cherry pine, drugs Merman pepper infusion, herbs, buds and flowers of Carnations fluffy (do not apply to pregnant women at risk of miscarriage), preparations of Geranium sanguineum, preparations from the rhizomes Highlander snake (coil), herbal teas and tinctures from roots and herbs avens city, an ordinary oak bark, infusion, and fresh juice of herbs Dymyanki drug infusion, Zopnika tuber (1 tablespoon of herbs to fill in 1 cup boiling water and infuse for 4 hours. Take 40-50 ml 3 times a day for 25-30 minutes before meals), infusion Zyuznika European (1 tablespoon of herbs to fill in 200 ml of boiling water. Infuse to cool, then drain. Take 40-50 ml of 4 times a day? hours before the meal ), Yves white - and you can apply tincture and decoction of the bark and the powder (1 g 3-4 times daily before meals).
I note that despite the fancy name of some plants they are all distributed in the territory of our country and not exotic. How to prepare herbal teas, infusions and tinctures are aware, many if not most, even more so in rural areas.
However, not running out of letters, even from towns and villages of Central Russia, Siberia, with a request to send them a tincture of plantain, or broth Hyperici perforatum. Pardon me, good people. You go on plantain and St. John's Wort. Look at his feet. Read the old (and new) books and manuscripts devoted to these wonderful plants, and other medicines. All the pharmacy at your feet. This is not a call for self-healing. This is a call to a reasonable approach in the treatment of a disease.
You can help the doctor to cure themselves or their loved ones. Unless, of course, the doctor is able to cooperate with you (and he should do it) if it is filled with a sincere desire to help you, but does not unmotivated snobbery. I am sure, I know that in Russia a huge number of thoughtful physicians, confidently and skillfully applying and Apitherapy, and Viagra Is it possible Viagra will help you herbal medicine, and scalpels, and ...
In short, everything that is available in the arsenal of medicine, in the millennial treasury of medical knowledge. The accumulation of medical knowledge began long before Avicenna and Hippocrates. Both then and now, and continue to call the doctor meant, and means will mean a lot. Unless, of course, this kind of soul rushing the floor. If the doctor will not be able to tell a sick person or a seriously ill family member: "What do you want? The disease is incurable and turned quietly away. Well, if, contrary to expectation, you are not very lucky and you have not met a doctor, try to help themselves. People caught in a shipwreck, are able to save his life, not waiting or not waiting for help from emergency services. Such examples innumerable.
MRI examination
Surrogate motherhood
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